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CHAPTER 15 IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES What is it? It involves giving a woman drugs to induce ovulation and then harvesting (collecting) those mature eggs through a laparoscope. The man masturbates to collect the semen. Then, the semen and ova are mixed in a dish, where fertilization may occur. Then the tiny, new embryonic human(s) are put into the cavity of the womans uterus with the hope that they will plant and grow. Is it ethical? Many RTL groups, especially church-related ones, oppose this as "unnatural." Other RTL groups limit their official organizational policy to protecting human life already conceived, and thus have no official position on the "preliminaries." All, however, totally object to the destruction of any of these tiny human lives once they exist. All, therefore, condemn the "pick-of-the-litter" practice. This is when certain "concepti" (embryos) are discarded (killed) while others are planted. How many get pregnant? In 1993 the American Fertility Society reported on an aggregate of 33,000 attempts of "assisted reproductive technology." Remembering that in each attempt 3 to 5 embryos are planted, the success per attempt (not per embryo) was:
In addition 4,838 frozen embryo procedures were tried with one of the above methods and 11% deliveries. What is ICSI? It is intracytoplasmic sperm injection, a new fertility procedure. In it a single sperm is injected directly into the ovum in the laboratory. Its authors claim a success rate equal to I.V.F. Z. Rosenwaks, JAMA, Dec. 18, 1996What are these other methods? GIFT is Gamet Intra-Fallopian Transfer. It brings together the egg and the husbands sperm collected from her vagina after the sex act. LTOT is Low Tubal Ovum Transport. It enables sperm to bypass a blocked tube. Amer. Fert. Society, Assisted Reprod. Technology, ZIT is Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer. One study demonstrated only 16% survived transfer. Bustillo et al., "Ovum Transfer in Infertile Women," What of frozen embryos? Of embryos frozen on day 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, the number surviving thawing were 87%, 33%, 43%, 12% and 0 respectively.
J. Testait,". . . Preg. rate . . . after embryo freezing," What can I read on this? The proceedings of the famous frozen embryo case in Marysville, Tennessee and Professor Jerome Lejeunes testimony should be required reading. Copies are available from Right to Life of Greater Cincinnati, 1802 W. Galbraith Rd., Cincinnati, Ohio 45239. Are there any long-term bad effects on women who attempt I.V.F.? Perhaps yes. A study in 1993 at Stanford University has suggested that women who take the fertility drugs needed for I.V.F. were three times as likely to develop ovarian cancer. L. Gubernich et al., Tarnished Miracle,Forbes, Nov. 6, 1995, p. 98 Are there any problems with I.V.F. babies being abnormal? Australia is one of the world leaders in this field. The reports are disturbing. Multiple pregnancies occur more than 30 times oftener in I.V.F. than in other pregnancies. These frequently produce low birth weight prematures who have more problems than full term babies. Major congenital handicaps have been reported in 2.2% of I.V.F. births compared with 1.5% of normal conceptions. Of 633 embryos conceived invitro by the most successful team, under Dr. Alan Trounson, only 45 or 7% lived to deliver. That is a 93% loss, or 12 out of 13 died. A. Fisher, I.V.F. The Critical Issue,Collins Dove Publishers, Melbourne, 1989 Specifically, what malformations? I.V.F. babies have six times the national average for congenital cardiac transposition and five times as many spina bifida. Stillbirths and deaths in the infants first three months after delivery are more than three times the national average. J. Fleming, S.
Cross Bio-Ethics Institute, Where is all this new technology going? No one knows, but Canada is trying to set limits by calling for a voluntary moratorium and refusing federal funding for:
D. Marleau, "Canada Calls
for Moratorium on IVF Technologies,"
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