|
|
A. The second Commandment is: Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God
in vain.
A. By taking God's name in vain I mean taking it without reverence, as in
cursing or using in a light and careless manner, as in exclamation.
A. We are commanded by the second Commandment to speak with reverence of God
and of the saints, and of all holy things, and to keep our lawful oaths and
vows.
A. It is sinful to use the words of Holy Scripture in a bad or worldly sense,
to joke in them or ridicule their sacred meaning, or in general to give them
any meaning but the one we believe God has intended them to convey.
A. An oath is the calling upon God to witness the truth of what we say.
A. An oath is usually taken by laying the hand on the Bible or by lifting the
hand towards heaven as a sign that we call God to witness that what we are
saying is under oath and to the best of our knowledge really true.
A. Perjury is the sin one commits who knowingly takes a false oath; that is,
swears to the truth of what he knows to be false. Perjury is a crime against
the law of our country and a mortal sin before God.
A. All persons to whom the law of our country has given such authority have the
right to make us take an oath. They are chiefly judges, magistrates and public
officials, whose duty it is to enforce the laws. In religious matters bishops
and others to whom authority is given have also the right to make us take an
oath.
A. We may take an oath when it is ordered by lawful authority or required for
God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's good.
A. An oath may be required for God's honor or for our own or our neighbor's
good when we are called upon to defend our religion against false charges; or
to protect our own or our neighbor's property or good name; or when we are
required to give testimony that will enable the lawful authorities to discover
the guilt or innocence of a person accused.
A. It is never allowed to promise under oath, in secret societies or elsewhere,
to obey another in whatever good or evil he commands, for by such an oath we
would declare ourselves ready and willing to commit sin, if ordered to do so,
while God commands us to avoid even the danger of sinning. Hence the Church
forbids us to join any society in which such oaths are taken by its members.
A. In general we are forbidden to join:
- (1) All societies condemned by the Church;
- (2) All societies of which the object is unlawful and the means used sinful;
- (3) Societies in which the rights and freedom of our conscience are
violated by rash or dangerous oaths;
- (4) Societies in which any false religious ceremony or form of worship is
used.
A. Trades unions and benefit societies are not in themselves forbidden because
they have lawful ends, which they can secure by lawful means. The Church
encourages every society that lawfully aids its members spiritually or
temporally, and censures or disowns every society that uses sinful or unlawful
means to secure even a good end; for the Church can never permit anyone to do
evil that good may come of it.
A. It is lawful to vow or promise strict obedience to a religious superior,
because such superior can exact obedience only in things that have the sanction
of God or of His Church.
A. To make an oath lawful it is necessary that what we swear to be true, and
that there be a sufficient cause for taking an oath.
A. A vow is a deliberate promise made to God to do something that is pleasing
to Him.
A. The vows most frequently made are the three vows of poverty, chastity and
obedience, taken by persons living in religious communities or consecrated to
God. Persons living in the world are sometimes permitted to make such vows
privately, but this should never be done without the advice and consent of
their confessor.
A. The vows of poverty, chastity and obedience require that those who make them
shall not possess or keep any property or goods for themselves alone; that they
shall not marry or be guilty of any immodest acts, and that they shall strictly
obey their lawful superiors.
A. It has always been a custom with pious Christians to make vows and promises
to God; to beg His help for some special end, or to thank Him for some benefit
received. They have promised pilgrimages, good works or alms and they have
vowed to erect churches, convents, hospitals or schools.
A. A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place made in a religious manner and for
a religious purpose.
A. Not to fulfill our vows is a sin, mortal or venial, according to the nature
of the vow and the intention we had in making it.
A. We are not bound, but, on the contrary, positively forbidden to keep an
unlawful oath or vow. We are guilty of sin in taking such an oath or making
such a vow, and we would be guilty of still greater sin by keeping them.
A. The second Commandment forbids all false, rash, unjust, and unnecessary
oaths, blasphemy, cursing, and profane words.
A. An oath is rash when we are not sure of the truth of what we swear; it is
unjust when it injures another unlawfully; and it is unnecessary when there is
no good reason for taking it.
A. Blasphemy is any word or action intended as an insult to God. To say He is
cruel or find fault with His works is blasphemy. It is a much greater sin than
cursing or taking God's name in vain. Profane words mean here bad, irreverent
or irreligious words.
A. The third Commandment is: Remember thou keep holy the Sabbath day.
A. By the third Commandment we are commanded to keep holy the Lord's day and
the holydays of obligation, on which we are to give our time to the service and
worship of God.
A. Holydays of obligation are special feasts of the Church on which we are
bound, under pain of mortal sin, to hear Mass and to keep from servile or
bodily labors when it can be done without great loss or inconvenience.
Whoever, on account of their circumstances, cannot give up work on holydays of
obligation should make every effort to hear Mass and should also explain in
confession the necessity of working on holydays.
A. We are to worship God on Sundays and holydays of obligation by hearing Mass,
by prayer, and by other good works.
A. Some of the good works recommended for Sunday are: The reading of religious
books or papers, teaching Catechism, bringing relief to the poor or sick,
visiting the Blessed Sacrament, attending Vespers, Rosary or other devotions in
the Church; also attending the meetings of religious sodalities or societies.
It is not necessary to spend the whole Sunday in such good works, but we should
give some time to them, that for the love of God we may do a little more than
what is strictly commanded.
A. It is not forbidden to seek lawful pleasure or enjoyment on Sunday,
especially to those who are occupied during the week, for God did not intend
the keeping of the Sunday to be a punishment, but a benefit to us. Therefore,
after hearing Mass we may take such recreation as is necessary or useful for
us; but we should avoid any vulgar, noisy or disgraceful amusements that turn
the day of rest and prayer into a day of scandal and sin.
A. The Sabbath day and the Sunday are not the same. The Sabbath is the seventh
day of the week, and is the day which was kept holy in the old law; the Sunday
is the first day of the week, and is the day which is kept holy in the new
law.
A. The Old Law means the law or religion given to the Jews; the New Law means
the law or religion given to Christians.
A. The Church commands us to keep the Sunday holy instead of the Sabbath
because on Sunday Christ rose from the dead, and on Sunday He sent the Holy
Ghost upon the Apostles.
A. We keep Sunday instead of Saturday holy also to teach that the Old Law is
not now binding upon us, but that we must keep the New Law, which takes its
place.
A. The third Commandment forbids all unnecessary servile work and whatever else
may hinder the due observance of the Lord's day.
A. Servile works are those which require labor rather of body than of mind.
A. Servile works derive their name from the fact that such works were formerly
done by slaves. Therefore, reading, writing, studying and, in general, all
works that slaves did not perform are not considered servile works.
A. Servile works are lawful on Sundays when the honor of God, the good of our
neighbor, or necessity requires them.
A. The honor of God, the good of our neighbor or necessity may require servile
works on Sunday, in such cases as the preparation of a place for Holy Mass, the
saving of property in storms or accidents, the cooking of meals and similar
works.
|
